Managerial Issues in Organisations †Case study of Fine Coating Inc

Learn More About Marie Curie and Radioactive Elements

Learn More About Marie Curie and Radioactive Elements Dr. Marie Curie is known to the world as the scientist who discovered radioactive metals such as radium and polonium. Curie was a Polish physicist and chemist who lived between 1867-1934. She was  born Maria Sklodowski in Warsaw, Poland, the youngest of five children. When she was born, Poland was controlled by Russia. Her parents were teachers, and she learned at an early age the importance of education. Her mother died when she was young, and when her father was caught teaching Polish - which had been made illegal under the Russian government. Manya, as she was called, and her sisters had to get jobs. After a couple of failed jobs, Manya became a tutor to a family in the countryside outside Warsaw. She enjoyed her time there, and was able to send her father money to help support him, and also send some money to her sister Bronya in Paris who was studying medicine. Bronya eventually married another medical student and they set up practice in Paris. The couple invited Manya to live with them and study at the Sorbonne - a famous Parisian University. In order to fit in better at the school, Manya changed her name to the French Marie. Marie studied physics and mathematics and quickly received her masters degrees in both subjects. She remained in Paris after graduation and started research on magnetism. For the research she wanted to do, she needed more space than her small lab. A friend introduced her to another young scientist, Pierre Curie, who had some extra room. Not only did Marie move her equipment into his lab, Marie and Pierre fell in love and married. Radioactive Elements Together with her husband, Curie discovered two new elements (radium and polonium, two radioactive elements that they extracted chemically from pitchblende ore) and studied the x-rays they emitted. She found that the harmful properties of x-rays were able to kill tumors. By the end of World War I, Marie Curie was probably the most famous woman in the world. She had made a conscious decision, however, not to patent methods of processing radium or its medical applications. Her co-discovery with her husband Pierre of the radioactive elements radium and polonium represents one of the best-known stories in modern science for which they were recognized in 1901 with the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1911, Marie Curie was honored with a second Nobel prize, this time in chemistry, to honor her for successfully isolating pure radium and determining radiums atomic weight. As a child, Marie Curie amazed people with her great memory. She learned to read when she was only four years old. Her father was a professor of science and the instruments that he kept in a glass case fascinated Marie. She dreamed of becoming a scientist, but that would not be easy. Her family became very poor, and at the age of 18, Marie became a governess. She helped pay for her sister to study in Paris. Later, her sister helped Marie with her education. In 1891, Marie attended the Sorbonne University in Paris where she met and married Pierre Curie, a well-known physicist. After the sudden accidental death of Pierre Curie, Marie Curie managed to raise her two small daughters (Irà ¨ne, who was herself awarded a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935, and Eve who became an accomplished author) and continue an active career in experimental radioactivity measurements. Marie Curie contributed greatly to our understanding of radioactivity and the effects of  x-rays. She received two Nobel prizes for her brilliant work, but died of leukemia, caused by her repeated exposure to radioactive material.

Policies on greenhouse gas emissions by Canadian industries Essay

Policies on greenhouse gas emissions by Canadian industries - Essay Example Our beautiful earth since its origination has been a ‘hotbed’ of activity. Activity in the sense, we humans has been involved in various activities, utilizing our physical as well as mental part. The activities only caused tremendous transformations, transforming our globe from a primitive one to a developed one. But, one can see that these activities not only resulted in development, but also have resulted in destructions to our earth. That is, in his/her quest to achieve advancement humans have invented or inventing many tools. The same tools have turned out to be life damaging tools, transforming into a threatening problems, damaging human lives and importantly the earth’s environment, which sustain that human lives. So, this paper will discuss the serious environmental problem of Climate change caused by Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Canadian Government response to it, particularly the industry it targets, the intent, the desired and meaningful impact of th ese government policies.Our Globe due to its position in the solar system is the recipient of comfortable warmth from the sun. This has been the feature of earth from its origination, but this favorable aspect had begun to show changes. That is, from the comfortable heat our ancestors faced, the global environment including Canada’s is being exposed to a lot more hotness causing dangerous repercussions. So, this increase in the average temperature on the Earth's near-surface air in recent years or decades have been the basis for climate change.

Renaissance and Baroque art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Renaissance and Baroque art - Essay Example In â€Å"The Calling of St. Matthew†, Caravaggio depicted an event that occurred narrative of the moment when Jesus Christ encouraged the tax collector, Matthew, to have faith in him and become his disciple. The painting possesses a clear attribute of reality through the bodily gestures and facial expressions drawn to life with realistic human anatomies along with a concrete setting where men discuss over a table by the window. Caravaggio seemed to have made particular emphasis on the placement of light and shadows to signify the spots where the main subjects are designated. Through the perspective of light, a viewer readily figures the character with authority and Caravaggio’s balancing technique with light and shadow tends to enable the Christ a reflection of his divine nature, illuminating what beams on the faces of men despite the gloom of the place. Altogether, the image projected of Christ and of St. Matthew is something that stirs familiarity to a powerful act of faith. One who had lived in the age of Italian Renaissance, nevertheless, would have seen religious portrayals which were more of picturesque heavens, cherubs, seraphs, and divine figures whose rigid structure(are rather beyond the grasp of real senses. Depictions of Christ’s death on the cross via Italian Renaissance Art often took on a general flat image, lacking proper volume or additional dimension that could have enliven the subject of the painting and added to it some relevant drama. The Italian Renaissance Art may be credited.

The Discipline of Innovation Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Discipline of Innovation - Article Example The scope of analysts for these range from a business and technological advancements standpoint, to areas of opportunity focused more on a social or demographic nature. Innovative,astute managers will identify and apply all seven areas of opportunity to the organization,while being able to create an organization culture that values,molds and drives â€Å"functional inspiration†, which require a certain level of imagination and out of the box thinking associated with the unknown. In society the concept of entrepreneurship is sometimes very narrowly defined. It is usually viewed as as new small businesses or individuals who strive to become one through new businesses or ideas. But in a broader sense,any enterprise that creates new products,ideas or processes is in fact an entrepreneur. The seven areas of innovation opportunity are: 1)Unexpected Occurrences- In businesses just like life are extremely unpredictable in nature. Whether it is an individual entrepreneur or a business,we must learn to deal with changes and unexpected situations with a vision toward exposing and exploiting any new opportunities or systemic improvements that can arise from such situations. 2)Incongruities- There are countless industries,jobs,situations and processes where the nature or flow of the work is interrupted or made less efficient because of certain steps or requirements for the successful completion of the project,process or job as whole. Analyzing,assessing and improving the flow or efficiency of any product or process and eliminating this kinks or incongruities is a major source of meaningful innovation. 3)Process improvements- Technological changes bring about numerous opportunities to not only fix old problems in any process or technological endeavor but actively improve the efficiency or effectiveness of any process through innovative and creative use of new technologies. 4)Industry and Market changes-Market conditions is extremely variable

SAP Brief Information And Study Computer Science Essay

SAP Brief Information And Study Computer Science Essay Nestle SA, the world largest food and beverage company decided to implement SAP systems to all of their branches and subsidiaries company. This project call Nestle Globe project (Global Business Excellence) roll over 500 facilities in 70 countries around the world and using enormous amount of budget at $2.4 billion. Nestle Globe have three objective To Create standard best practices business process for Nestle organization To create standard set of Nestle data and use to whole Nestle organization. To implement standard information systems infrastructures and SAP was chosen. In 2006 Nestle globe project expected to pay back its implement cost at $ 2.4 billion and increase Globe operating company from 30% in 2005 to 80% by end of 2006. Moreover, Nestle decide to cap their spending of information technology at 1.9% of sales each year. Background of Organization: Nestle SA Corporation is the worlds largest nutrition and food company operates in 86 countries around the world, employ around 280,000 people and have factories or operations site in almost all countries around the world. Nestle primary sells wide variety of food and beverage categories in many well known brands such as magi, nescafà ©, nestea, coffeemate , Nestle sales were almost $ 2.4 billion in 2010 (David Barne,2010). bgNestleLogo.png SAP Brief Information: SAP (Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing) ERP systems is enterprise resource planning (ERP) software produced by SAP AG. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is systems designed to integrate core activity with in organization together in order to increase company performances (Markus et al., 2000). SAP use concept of modules by providing separated functional modules for specific core activities within companies such as SAP-Financial and Accounting for accounting related transactions, SAP-Sales and Distribution focus on sales operations, each modules can be purchased, installed and operated separately but use same database (Monk, Ellen F. and Wagner, Brej J. ,2009). Problems: The main problems before ERP implementation was data integration among various of systems within Nestle organization structures. For example, Nestle USA had problems with 29 brands of vanilla that every plant order vanilla to the same vendor seperately and result in paying 29 different prices (Worthen,Ben 2002). Introduction From 1997 to 2000 ,Nestle company was going to re-engineer their over all business processes amd implement SAP systems as one standatize systems to Nestle and its subsidiaries comapny.The first Nestle ERP implementation began at Nestle USA, when Nestle USA decided to implement ERP systems and they selected SAP as their system solutions, this project also known as Best (Business Excellence thorough Systems Technology) (Worthen,Ben 2002). Best schedule for six years of implementation from first quater of 1997 to first quater of 2003, this project was budgeted over $200 million and would implement five SAP modules ( purchasing , financials, sales and distribution, account payable, acount receivable) (Worthen,Ben 2002 pg.1 3). This ERP project goal was to create centralize solution between Nestle comapny and their subordinate brand. The second Nestle ERP implementation happen in 1999 at Nestle UK, which decided to use SAP R/3 as Nestle USA to 18 UK manufacturing sites with 6,000 SAP users (Bryan Glick, 2001). The main objectives of this movement was to improve efficiency across the company from Nestle UK inventory management, supply chain and change business processes to be more competitive for tough competitions (Glick, Bryan, 2001). In 2000,the third and the largest ERP implementation projects up until now happen when Nestle SA(Nestle Headquater) determined to launch their Globe (Global Business Excellence) project in order to move whole company to one integrated company instead of set of individual operating units (Bendoly.E. and F.R. Jacobs ,2005). Before implementation, Nestle had around 140 different financial systems(Malcolm Whetley ,2001), but after Globe project Nestle would have only SAP for all its manufacturing, sales and distribution and financial operations( Barnes, D., 2008). Globe would cost $2.4 billion, the highest implementation cost in history (Barnes, D., 2008). Globe scopes were developing business processes best practices, creating data management and data standards and standardize Nestles information systems by using Mysap.com (Ray, R., 2010). Ray, R., 2010 claimed that in 2006, Globe covered half of Nestlà ©s food and beverage business with overall coverage of 90,000 users, 300 factories and 350 distribution centers Means Part: SAP Key technologies: SAP R/3 ERP applications operate though separate functional modules that control specific operation such as accounting, inventory management and integrated with SAP database together. All functional modules could perform separately according to client system environment and also can effectively integrate with non-SAP application. For example, Nestle USA did not implement SAP Advanced Planner and Optimizer (SAP APO) for their supply chain management systems but using Manugistics supply chain management systems instead ,Manugistics and SAP could perform smoothly together results in saving $325 million for Nestle USAs supply chain improvement (Worthen, Ben 2002). In addition, SAP contains industry solutions package that enhance SAP performance in specific industry such as leasing, industrials, banking, which have industry-specific functionality. Moreover, due to centralize database, all module could use data from database without redundancy problems. For example, account receivable modu les use same existing customer master data as sales and distribution use when doing account receivable related functions. Last but not least, even SAP is software package systems but SAP could customize the application modules for specific client requirement by using ABAP language, specify SAP programming language. SAP R/3 can divide into 4 function parts; logistics, accounting, human resources and cross applications (figure1.0 R/3 systems). sap R3 systems.png Figure 1.0: R/3 systems SAP R/3 Logistic parts consists of 3 main modules responsible for logistics with in companies Sales and distribution modules this module related to sales transaction such as making sales order, customer debate payback Material Management modules focus on material management within organization from posting material to company stock, posting payable data, stock information Production Planning modules focus on production planning within organization such as create bill of material and production setting. SAP R/3 accounting parts control and integration of financial information within It consists of 3 core modules to create flexible solution control over company accounting information Financial and accounting consists of modules related to manage accounting transaction within company such as account payable, account receivable, treasury. Controlling modules focus on costing method within organization. Asset Management is modules designed to manage and monitor asset information within organization. Human Resource division parts responsible for SAP resource management within organization including 3 main modules. Quality management manage control process over material quality of vendors and manufacturers Plant maintenance for maintenance task Human resource specialize module for manage human resource such as pay roll SAP cross functional application : modules that affect to many modules when it was implement Project management modules include tools for project management Work flow modules focus on process control within SAP systems Industries solution is specific modules to enhance performance in some industries such as leasing , manufacturing , media. SAP building methodology In order to implement SAP ERP systems, organization need to be revised their own business process first in order to create highest performance after SAP implementation. SAP called this method ASAP (Accelerate SAP implement solution) which contains 4 main components ASAP methodology consists of five consecutive phases Phase 1- Project preparation: initial planning and preparation. This phase emphasized on project planning before going to collect information for business blueprint. Phase 2 Business Blueprint: documentation of the business process requirements of the company. This phase is first phase that SAP consults have met with their client to collect business process information for creating new SAP business environment in phase 3. Phase 3 Realization: implement all business and process requirements based upon the business blueprint. After collect information and create new business blueprint, SAP consult need to implement all of business process requirement to SAP systems. To illustrate, SAP FI consults would set configuration of company code, general ledger requirement and preparing for key user training. Phase 4 Final Preparation: complete testing, user training, system management and cut-over activities. This is last phase before SAP is going to real operating client server. This phase emphasized on customer new process training to let key user know how to use SAP systems. Moreover, all customization need to be finish at this phase including customization modules or forms. Phase 5 Go-Live Support: transition from implementation Last phase when all master were transferred to main production servers, SAP consults need to support real environment within organizations. PC base tools is computer base application contains various tools and templates for supporting the ASAP approach such as QA Database , ASAP roadmap, knowledge sharing. Services: SAP company will provide support information for implementation for organization that would like to use ASAP such as OSS user to ask question to SAP development team directly when client has problems related to SAP that consults cannot fixed such as patch bug, etc. R/3 resident tools provide R/3 configuration guide for all business transactions in SAP systems. SAP consult can look at implement step within configuration pages Basis of Information Systems components on SAP R/3 Data and hardware SAP R/3 manage data environment though client and server basis, SAP users can process their transactions though GUI (graphic user interfaces) then data will transmit though application servers (can be use one or many application server depends on usage) to main database (Three-tier Client/Server Architecture) which application servers located the SAP software and the database servers handle documents and master data databases. (figure 2.1) or can be operate though Two-tier Client/Server Architecture by transfer data from GUI to main database directly (mostly use for training configuration) in 2 tier architecture database manage both transactions data and software together (figure 2.2). Figure 2.1 three tier client/server architecture Figure 2.2 second tier client/server architecture Software and telecommunication SAP R/3 can operate with wide range of hardware, operating systems, database(figure 3.0 SAP R/3 technology environment and their GUI can be manage though both window OS and mac OS. Moreover, for SAP telecommunication SAP systems can effectively interact to its server by using LAN, WLAN or internet access to SAP serer to maintain client and server communications. r3 technology environment.png Figure 3.0 SAP R/3 Technology environment Human/people SAP has 3 types of users Key users; person who use SAP according to their training and receive limited authorization within user responsible areas such as key user for accounting , account payable , sales. Functional consultants; consultants who specialized in separate modules such as Financial and Accounting, Sales and Distribution, Material Management. Technical consultants; technical specialist who can divide separately in 2 position for SAP systems and SAP infrastructure ABAP programmer is programmer who specializes on ABAP programming language which used for SAP modification or customization. Basis is technical specialist who emphasized on hardware and software related to SAP infrastructure such as Why SAP SAP has experience in large scale implementation to many multi-national companies some is Nestle competitors such as Kraft food. SAP company also have effective implementation methodology called Accelerate SAP method for implementation (ASAP) that Nestle used this method until Nestle Globe project in order to create standardize best practices business processes (Ray, R.,2010) SAP systems could answer all Nestle objectives within one system in term of data integration, business processes and also data management. For example, problems of redundant vendor master data can be fixed by SAP master data principles that manage vendor master from both accounting and purchasing sides (figure 4.0). This solution provide account payable modules to collect vendor information separate by company code but use same purchasing module with organization segment result of one standardize general ledger can be used for all Nestle and their subsidiaries company (sap financial,N.D.) . ap p76.jpg Figure 4.0 the complete vendor master data SAP is suit for Nestle Global project because SAP has multi-language packages that can use with many countries in the world to create standardize understanding over SAP usage. By using standard local language SAP can reduce training and let local understanding function more easily. Objective and benefits of systems by matching with organization in global context Completive context: Barnes, D. (2008). Stated that after Nestle globe project going as plan it will create competitive advantages over main competitors such as Uniliver and Kraft food by operating more efficient in both supply and demand side. For example, Nestle can cutting number of supplier from 600,000 to 167,000 accounts, Nestle can save about $750 million a year for this process. Customer context: Nestle globe implementation would create efficient use of information among Nestle brand categories and nestle major customers such as wall-mart and Tesco which could receiving stocking shelves from nestle information systems back to their branches and use this information for more space utilization for Nestle wide range of products. (Barnes, D. 2008). Moreover, nestle Company context: Brabeck, Nestle CEO, claimed that Globe project will transform Nestle into new age of success by using information technology and standardize new process designed. For example, Nestle management could press on single button and monitor nestle performance in real-time data including geography sales, sales channel and product categories and brand. By using new technology Nestle can create more innovative strategies by combining online data and tactical approach. To illustrate, Nestle could monitor their wall-mart account managers performance by investigating profit and loss within wall-mart branches in real time (Barnes, D. 2008). Ways Part Results after SAP Implementation: First, Nestle USA by integrating difference database together Nestle USA could save net worth $325 million by using same standardize database for general ledger, vendor and customer master data for all Nestle branches and their subsidiaries company. (Worthen, Ben,  2002) Second, Nestle UK ERP implementation met its success by reducing 50% of inventory stocks after implement SAP due to improvement business processes and efficient control over inventories (Glick, Bryan, 2001). Last, Nestle Globe project create new strategic movement to Nestle by shifting from individual business thinking (normal ERP systems) into joint business thinking (coordinate ERP systems) that relied on integrated information between Nestle core unit such as purchasing , sales and use information to create value to key vendors and key customers( Bendoly, E. and F. R. Jacobs, 2005). Bendoly, E. and F. R. Jacobs, 2005 claimed that in 2006 this globe project create estimated total profit for overall program CHF 3 billion per annual. However, Nestle ERP implementation also had many drawbacks most of it from business process re-engineering. First, Nestle USA got in trouble when they launch go-lived in big bang method but most of their key user still cannot operate new systems; do not understand new business process. Then, Best project SAP support met trouble with enormous problems. Next, Jeri Dun, Nestle USA CIO, stated that turnover rate among Nestle demand forecasting employee increase to 77 percent after SAP project go-lived. Next, technical problems due to non-integrated function during go-lived phase, due to project deadline before Y2K in year 2000 consulting and staffs of Best projects had very limit time before it will launch therefore, Nestle got in trouble with integrated function between key modules. For example, integrated function between sales and distribution (SD) modules and accounting receivable module were missing. When sales persons use SAP to post discount rate for customers, A/R module did not interact with discount from SD modules result in wrong billing information was send to customers (Worthen, Ben.  2002). Nestle business objective Nestle has objective to create standardize for its business processes architecture and Nestle data. By using same standard processes to whole Nestle organization could easily to manage its international branches around the world. Moreover, Nestle decided to reduce their information systems into one systems SAP to be more effective control over all Nestle organization. Combine three objectives for standardize business processes , systems and data together, Nestle would receive benefits of standardization and coordination of their operations which could eliminate redundant processes and coordinate marketing activities for global customers (Bendoly, E. and F. R. Jacobs ,2005). How systems help organization to achieve its business objective SAP systems would helped Nestle to re-engineer its business process and forced Nestlà ©s employees to change their previous business processes into new standardize best practices because Nestlà ©s employee need to work according to processes setting with SAP systems though standard master data and business processes. Identify IT in Strategic point of View: Bendoly, E. and F. R. Jacobs, 2005 defined Nestle Globe as evolution process from individual business unit thinking (unique ERP systems) to joint business unit thinking (coordinated ERP systems) under Sap technology. From Nestle new systems share information with their suppliers and customers to create jointly working with Nestle suppliers and customers. To illustrate, Nestle could share information with its customers like wall-mart and create joint promotion program for new products. Therefore, IT has important role in organization strategic planning in order to create competitive advantages over competitors. Identify IT in Operation Point of View Information Technology is core component to operation processes within organization, because all company need tools to collect operation records for future usage such as audit, management report supported. By comparing integrated systems like SAP and non integrated systems, integrated systems like SAP could provide more benefit to company operation efficient. For example, case of Nestle USA that can SAP to eliminate redundant data for vanilla vendor master in al factories result in large amount of saving for purchasing goods. Identify IT in Tactical Point of View In tactical after Nestle Globe project, nestle can performed decentralize process to transform their organization into lean and fast moving company. Globe project will provide more accurate information related to specific area to let local boss to remain close to their customers or take an action related to change within their territories without wait for top management decision (Barnes, D. 2008). Nestle manage can adapt faster and more effective by using information such as products profit and loss within their area and use these information to create product tactical decision within that area. How IT help the organization achieve the objectives and other benefits First, by using combination of standardize systems, master data and business processes, Nestle can maximize benefits of SAP systems in global term not just Nestle in some countries. Standardization create same understanding toward information based from SAP systems and can create synergy cooperation within global groups such as innovation sharing between different countries or successful product launch from one countries can be monitor by Nestle company located in other countries. This phenomenon create Nestle united into One global Nestle organization and cannot be made without using Information systems. Second, standardize process also cannot be made without control process done in SAP client that lead Nestle employee to work on standardize process to create standard data that all Nestle employee understand and use in practice in same manner. Third, Nestle Globe project is major improve Nestle competitive advantages by lean large organization business process and create consolidate solution from SAP systems such as lean supply chain management, consolidate purchasing. SAP is in role of integration all data together in its database systems and provide decision support systems base on integrated data. For example, SAP APO use data from SAP logistic part (sales, material management, production planning) and integrated data together to generate information report provide to responsible persons.

Good Advice is Difficult to Define :: Definition Essays

Good Advice is Difficult to Define Advice is hollow, if you don’t know the history of the problem, or the amount of discomfort it is causing. When an expert relays advice or information they will not know the history or comfort level of their reader and will tend to try to generalize or speak to every possible situation. When the class considered the expert’s advice on contractions it was impossible for these authors to speak to their concerns and individual situations. I have very little experience in dispensing advice through writing to a large audience. My experience as an adviser has been restricted to verbal advice usually given one on one and face to face. When I am receiving advice this is also how I am most comfortable. I am also most comfortable giving advice about subjects that I have had formal training in. For example, I am comfortable giving advice about car mechanics, and sobriety. The former I have had over twenty years of training in and the later I had a year of formal and on the job training in a detox unit. I also have the life experience of being an alcoholic, but was not as comfortable about giving advice on this subject, until I had the formal training. I believe in order to give advice or hear advice, the adviser’s opinions or bias on the subject should be shared with the advisee up front. I have found this saves time for both of them because as in the case of my classmate who raced snowmobiles and ignored his parent’s advice, if you are not ready for or do not need information, it is seldom of benefit. I think in the case of the written advice examined in class, it was easier for the class to dismiss much of their expertise, because we were evaluating their opinions rather than being required to use their expertise by our professor. If the class had needed this information to receive a passing grade the reaction may have been different. This brings me to my next point, which is, the advisor is more effective when they understand what the advisee needs the advice for, and what their level of understanding is on the subject. If the advisee has some knowledge of the subject it is not helpful to talk down to them, but if they have little knowledge of the subject it is not helpful to delve into an in-depth discussion of every detail, using terms they don’t understand.

Arab Revolt Affect on World Economy

â€Å"A civilization which leaves so large a number of its participants unsatisfied and drives them into revolt neither has nor deserves the prospect of a lasting existence. † (Freud, 2011) As the above quote describe the revolt took place when the citizen of the country are left unsatisfied and there are demands and rights ignored by the government or the king/queen or by the monarch for their benefits and luxury it triggered the citizen to come on the roads or even to pick up the arms for the their freedom to breath in their country. This is what the world has witnessed from winters of 2010. When the citizen of the Middle East countries and North Africa mainly Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Syria and Yemen came together to throw away the rule of the old tyrants which are ruling them for years and suppressing their lives for the lavishness in their own countries by exercising the their power on them. But once the revolt got the spark it turns into the fire and it burnt the all the ruler rules and even some ruler also have to loose their lives. The revolt which took place in the Middle East countries and North Africa was named as Jasmine revolution and Arab spring. The revolt was first triggered from the North Africa country Tunisia, and from there the demand of democracy travel to Egypt, Libya, Syria and Yemen. Facebook was one of the major tools for the revolutionary, which united them collected them and helps them to share ideas for finding the way to achieve the democracy dream. The youth played the major role in the revolt and it was fueled by the seven metrics which include price rise, corruption, income disparity, unemployment, repression, external (NATO) support and internet and mobile media support. Anderson, 2011) The Jasmine revolution or Arab Spring started from Tunisia on 18 December 2010 where the Tunisia citizen which turn out to be the revolutionary in the end for their right for democracy. Tunisia citizen was very unsatisfied from the rule of their dictator Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali who was ruling the country from 1987. In the 23 years rule zine el-Abidine Ben Ali has never thought of the citizen of the country and only thought o f his luxurious life, which resulted into the high unemployment, low income, corruption and food inflation. The balloon which was filled with hot air of the problem and concerns for their and their children life from 23 years exploded. The Tunisia citizen came on the streets on 18 December evening demanding Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali to leave the throne. The vendor Mohamed Bouaziz who killed himself by setting himself on fire in Sidi Bouzid to demonstrate Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali that it is more easy to do suicide by setting himself on fire then to live with his family in Tunisia under the rule of Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali which has only giving him problem life food inflation, poverty, no liberty and no right to even ask for his right. The death Mohamed Bouaziz work as a catalyst in the Tunisia revolution the demonstration and protest started to get more fierce which was shaking the 23 years rule of Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali. Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali tries his best to safeguard his rule by using power of police and security force. Police and security forces open fire on the demonstrators. Thousands of demonstrators got injured and hundreds of demonstrators were killed by the forces. After 28 days of Mohamed Bouaziz death On 14 January 2011 Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali has to resign from his post and to save his live he has to leave Tunisia and fly to Saudi Arabia. After the demolition of the rule of Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali a state emergency was declared. This inspired the other Middle East countries and North Africa countries to fight for the problems, rights and their freedom. ( Chick,2011) As the revolt has not only impacted the Tunisia economy itself but also the European union, Arab league and western countries. As Tunisia has very good trade relation with the European Union, United States, China and many other Asian countries so it also going to affect the economies of these countries. Tunisia is very close to European union economically and commercially, On 1 January 2008 European Union and Tunisia signed a association agreement in which all the trade barriers and custom tariffs was lifted for both the countries on manufactured goods which made free trade for both the European Union countries and Tunisia. Tunisia used mainly deals in manufacturing goods, textiles, footwear’s, petroleum and electrical and mechanical goods. Tunisia exports count of $ 16. 416 billion which is mainly clothing, semi finished goods and textiles, mechanical and electrical goods and hydrocarbons. The main importers of the Tunisian goods are European Union countries, European Union import more than 76% of Tunisia goods which are export from Tunisia to other countries. Asia, Africa and Americas are the next major importer of the Tunisian goods. So the revolt has significant affect on the European Union countries market. Tunisia is not only the supplier of goods to European market but it is also very good market for the European Union countries as the European countries export more than 71% total import of the Tunisia which accounts for $ 22. 08 billion, Asia and African next two major exporter for Tunisia. (European Commission Trade,2010) The United States of America has also signed a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement in October 2002. Tunisia has also signed a Agadir Agreement with Saudi Arab, Jordan and Morocco In 2004. (U. S. Department of State,2011) Egypt was the next country which got inspired by the Tunisia revolution and was ready to do the same which Tunisia citi zen has done for their democracy and right because Egypt was also suffering from the same disease from many years name dictatorship. Egypt economy was growing under the rule of Hosni Mubarak but some factors that triggered the Egypt citizen to fight for the resignation of Hosni Mubarak was the corruption, low incomes, high unemployment, food inflation, emergency law and no right to speak. These were the factors which was the cause of the end of the Hosni Mubarak rule over Egypt. Hosni Mubarak got the power to rule Egypt in 1981 and he ruled Egypt for 30 years by imposing the continuous state of emergency in the country. On 25 January 2011 young generation of Egypt decided that they are going to fight against the corrupt government of Hosni Mubarak by using the social networking sites like Facebook and twitter. The social media and television media played very big role in Egypt revolution. On 28 January 2011 thousands of people came out of their houses on streets for the peaceful demonstration in Cairo. President Hosni Mubarak tried very hard to cling on the power by giving speeches to the nation, by promising he want stand for election for next time and by forming a new cabinet. But on 3 February in Cairo on Tahrir square the tsunami of protestor has been witnessed by Egypt and then riots broke out in which many people died and got injured. After the 18th day protest on 11 February 2011 Hosni Mubarak step down from the post of the president and the Egyptian Armed force took over the control of Egypt. (Amar, 2011) Egypt is not a oil exporting country but it play a very vital rule in providing the oil to the other through the gift of Suez canal. Suez Canal is 102 mile long canal situated in the red sea. Through Suez Canal and overland pipelines in Egypt nearly 3. 6 % of total oil production passes to the world which is 3 million barrels of oil every day. 2700 crude oil tanker ships passes through the canal and if the revolt continues and it disrupted the canal then it will directly lead to the price rise of the oil which will be the strong reason for spreading the food inflation in the world. (Dadwal, 2011) After Tunisia and Egypt it was turn of Libya which was suffering from the rule of Colonel Muammar Gaddafi. Libya citizen was facing many problems during the 42 years rule of Colonel Muammar Gaddafi like unemployment, corruption in government office, no right speech, human right violation and food Inflation. But after the success of Tunisia citizen Libya got the new hope that they can fight for their right and they can win they rights. The protest was started on 15 February 2011 and turn into civil war when security force fire on the crowd. After that rebellion group was formed. On 20 February rebellions captured Tripoli which is the capital of Libya. In this fight the rebellion also got the support of the NATO forces which was bombarding on Gaddafi army. After capturing the Tripoli the one and only aim of the rebellion force was to capture Muammar Gaddafi and kill him. On 20 October Muammar Gaddafi rule ended on Libya and his life to he was killed by rebellion army when he was trying to escape from Libya. On 23 October 2011 the civil war of Libya ended. (BIX, 2011) Economically Libyan Civil war has many major impact on the global economy as Libya is one of the oil producing country in the North Africa and it’ s oil production counts for 1% or 2% of total oil production of the world. But Libya export more than 85% oil to Europe and 5% oil to US. Because of the Libyan Civil war the oil price have rocketed in global market. Libya produces 1. 7 million barrels a day on the normal day of Libya but after the protest started the oil production has gone down more than 50%. In the revolt time Libya is just producing half of the oil compare to normal day which is less than 400000 barrel a day. The production has gone down because the foreign workers which work in oil refinery have to flee to their homes to safe their life and because of which in the oil refineries few worker are left. The energy export of Libya has been completely stopped after the revolt which has given the new jump to the oil in the world market. Italy imported 25% of oil and 15 % of natural gases from Libya. Greenstream pipeline which carriers’ natural gases from Sahara field of Wafa to Mediterranean port which ship to Italy for meeting the energy requirement of Italy. But during the Libyan Civil war it was under the control of rebellion forces because of which Italy has to suffer from energy shortage. Because of Libyan civil war the oil futures rises to $120 barrel in London and $100 in US which was the highest since the global slowdown of 2008. ( WATSON,2011) And the oil will have more price rise because the Libya output might be vanished for some time from the global market. Saudi Arab have also announced that it will cover the oil production from Arab nation by producing more oil which will cover for the lost of oil production of Libya. And they will ship extra barrels to European countries through Red sea. Saudi Arab has also convinced the West African countries to divert the shipment of oil from Asia to Europe. But the high quality oil of Libya which has low sulphur contain and which can easy be refined will created problem for the European small refineries to refine the heavy sulphur Saudi Oil which will also increase the cost of the European countries and which will be seen on the price of the product of goods in the long run. But it not all about Libya export it also about the Libya Import as the Libya Import account for more than $ 22 billion. The goods which is mainly imported by Libya are machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods and consumer products and the major countries which export these goods to Libya are Italy, China, Turkey Germany and South Korea etc. These countries will be also being facing problem because the market where they were selling the goods it is completely destroyed by the revolt. (Reddy,2011) Syria is also included in the name of the countries which are fighting for their freedom like Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. The causes for the Syrian revolution was quite same with the other three countries like corruption in government, dictatorship, no human rights, unemployment and inspirational success of the revolt of Tunisia and Egypt. In Syria this war is not for one person this war is against the corrupt government of Syria which is ruled by Ba’ath Party who’s Hafez al Assad ruled this country for 30 years and after his death his son Bashar-al-Assad succeeded him and capture the throne of Syria. On 15 march the Syrian decided to protest against the Assad family which is ruling them from 1970 by using their terror and power. Assad family have many examples of brutality on Syria back but on 15 march citizen of Syria called it â€Å"Day of Dignity† and thousands of people came out to protest against Bashar-al-Assad demanding his resignation. Bashar –al-Assad is clinging to the power by security forces and police. Security force and police has killed many protestors during the protest to safeguard the crown of the president of Bashar-al-Assad. Bashar–al-Assad has fired his old government but he remain in the power and he formed a new government to manipulate the people of Syria. But the protest is still going on and Bashar–al-Assad is using army to suppress the revolt. Blanford, 2011) Economically Syrian uprising will also affect the world and first it will affect it neighboring countries mainly Turkey, Jordan, Lebanon and Iran. Turkey and Syria has the trade of $2. 27 billion last year it is definitely going to hurt Turkey badly. Firstly the demands for the Turkey goods are decr easing in Syria after starting of the Syrian uprising. The sources have estimated that the demand of the imports and Turkish goods which used to be high has decreased very sharply. The percentage decrease in the demand of Turkish imported goods in Syria has fallen between 30% to 40%. nd it is expected that the percentage decrease may also drop more than this. Both Turkey and Syria are not even having the desire to renew their contracts because of Syrian Uprising. In 2010 Turkey exported goods to Syria which account for $ 630 million while Syria exports goods to Turkey which account for $ 1. 6 billion. Turkey has invested around $ 260 million in sector such as lighting industry and construction industry. Second country which is going to get affected from this revolt is Lebanon. Lebanon is going to affected by Syria in two ways. Firstly the Syria and Lebanon has very good trade relation with each other. In 2010 the trade between both the countries is valued around $ 1. 3 billion. Secondly Lebanon got cheap labour from Syria and because of Syrian uprising the movement of labour will become difficult which rise the labour cost in the Lebanese economy. But because of this revolt Lebanese bank will have benefits, as Syrian merchants and businessmen use Lebanese banks to keep their deposits. And because of the revolt and instability in Syria the banking activity of Syrian merchant and businessmen will increase in Lebanese bank. Iraq is primary destination of Syrian exports as the Syria export goods to Iraq which account for $ 2. 5 billion which is the 18. 8% of the total Syrian export. (Saif, 2011). Syria is not a major oil producing nation. Two Asian emerging economies China and India has also invested in the Syria Al-Furat Petroleum company in 2005. India OVL and China CNPC jointly bought a 37% stake in the Syria Al-Furat Petroleum Company, which own 39 oil and gas fields in whole Syria. Share of OVL (India) was 0. 72 million tones in 2009- 2010 in the production of the crude oil in Syria. In 2009 OVL (India) founded oil on onshore block of North-Eastern Syria which are under the commercial development. So India and china also might get affected if the revolt continues in Syria. Syria uprising will also have impact on Russia and the European Union countries as they are one of the important trade partner of Syria. ( Balakrishanan,2011) Yemen Upspring 2011 started on 27 January when 16000 demonstrators came on to the streets against the president of Yemen Ali Abdullah Saleh and start demanding the resignation from the post of the president, which he was holding from 1978. After Tunisia revolution success Saleh was aware of the protest is going to happen in Yemen too. So Soon after the Jasmine revolution success he increased the salaries of military officers and civil servants by 25%. On 3 February 20000 people of Yemen protested against Saleh in Capital of Yemen Sana’a. On 18 march Saleh force killed 52 and injured hundred of protestors in Sana’a. But people of Yemen are still fighting for their human rights and against corruption. Ali Abdullah Saleh is evacuated to Saudi Arab Because he got injured in Bomb blast in the presidential compound mosque. And he hand over the power to vice president Abd al-Rab Mansur al-Hadi and revolt is going on and on. (Economist, 2011) Economically Yemen uprising impact will be seen mostly in the Asian Countries China and India. As China and India has very good trade relation with Yemen from many years. Yemen is a one of the largest market for Chinese product. Yemen export nearly account for $ 7. 5 billion which is mainly petroleum products, liquefied natural gas and refined oil products and the major market for the Yemeni goods are China, India, Thailand, South Africa, South Korea and United States. Yemen Import accounts for around $ 9. 2 billion and the major supplier are China, India, UAE, Saudi Arab and Kuwait. As the revolt goes on these are the countries whose market might suffer in the future. (U. S. Department of State 2011) Before the start of the Arab spring the Brent crude oil price was $100 per barrel. International Energy Agency has shown an astonishing figure of the growth by 2. 7 billion barrel per dollar, and has also predited that the growth will have a pace of 1. 5 million barrel per day for the world. The Arab Spring 2011 has had its major impact on the oil prices. The prices have risen in all parts of the world as there has been the unfavorable condition of more demand than the Arab countries can supply. The risk is greater in the emerging economies of the world than on the developed economies, because the developed economies have the money and they hold some power in these Arab economies which the emerging economies cannot enjoy. The main countries which are facing the revolt are Tunisia Libya and Egypt. As Libya is the 13th largest oil producing country and Egypt also control the supply of oil in foreign countries by Suez canal. The price of Brent crude oil has increased to $115 per barrel and on 24 February the price of oil got increased to $120 per barrel because it was realize that the world have to manage without or less supply of oil from Libya which accounts for 2% of worlds need. During the period of oil embargo in 1972, Iranian revolution and invasion of Iraq on Kuwait the world had witnessed a recessionary period and had also suffered from high oil prices to the low supply of the same. The world economy is very sensitive to oil price. As the price of Brent Crude oil had jumped 25% in last year which $23 per barrel. IMF has recognized that 10% increase in the oil price will decrease the GDP of economies by 0. 2% to 0. 3% in year. Increase in the oil prices may send back US and UK economy in double dip recession in the future. Every dollar increase in the oil price leads to the increase in US gas price by 2. 3 cent per gallon and which leads to the consumer taxes to $ 1. 2 billion per year. Emerging countries like India and China will be hard hit from the rise in the oil prices. The higher oil price may increase the inflation rate in the Emerging countries as China was targeting the Inflation rate of 4% but it rose well above the target which is 4. % and India inflation has been more than 9% in this which. The higher oil price may jump inflation rate in the near future. The increase in the oil prices may also result in higher unemployment as the rise of the oil price will increase the price of manufacturing which will lead to layoffs which will cause the stagflation in the economy. (Economist, 20 11) As the Arab Spring was for the democracy and for the Human rights of the citizen of MENA countries but the fact can’t be neglected that it had hurt the world economy quite badly and it may also worsen the current situation of world, hich is already suffering from other wounds like recession, Euro zone crisis, Japan crisis due to tsunami and earthquake and occupy wall street and many more events. But â€Å"You are a human being. You have rights inherent in that reality. You have dignity and worth that exist prior law† (Neylon,2011) Reference List 1. Anderson, L (2011), ‘Demystifying the Arab Spring', Foreign Affairs, 90, 3, pp 2-7. 2. Amar, P (2011), ‘EGYPT AFTER MUBARAK', Nation, 292, 21, pp. 11-15 3. Blanford, N (2011), ‘Could Syria see an uprising like Egypt's? Not likely', Christian Science Monitor. Available at: http://ehis. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=6=121=f6bf370c-a90d-4f69-a3a9-eecc26d597ec%40sessionmgr115=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph=57765811 4. BIX, HP (2011), ‘The North African–Middle East Uprisings from Tunisia to Libya', Massachusetts Review, 52, 2, pp. 329-347. 5. Balakrishanan ,B (2011) ‘Global Impact of Syria’a crisis’ The Hindu Business Line, Available at: http://www. thehindubusinessline. com/opinion/columns/bhaskar-balakrishnan/article2032363. ece [Accessed on 6/11/2011]. 6. Chick, K, (2011). How revolt sparked to life in Tunisia. Christian Science Monitor , Available at:. ttp://ehis. ebscohost. com/ehost/resultsadvanced? sid=f6bf370c-a90d-4f69-a3a9-eecc26d597ec%40sessionmgr115=3=20=(yet+more+cracking+down)=JmRiPWFwaCZ0eXBlPTEmc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZl 7. Dadwal. R. S, (2011) ‘The Crisis in Egypt and its Impact on the Oil Market’ Available at: http://www. eurasiareview. com/05022011-the-crisis-in-egypt-and-its- impact-on-the-oil-market/. [Accessed on 7/11/2011] 8. European Commission Trade (2010), ‘Tunisia’ Available at : http://ec. europa. eu/trade/creating-opportunities/bilateral-relations/countries/tunisia/ [Accessed on 8/11/2011] 9. Freud,S (2011) ‘Sigmund Freud quotes’ Available at: ttp://www. brainyquote. com/quotes/quotes/s/sigmundfre401883. html [Accessed on 8/11/2011] 10. Neylon. L. B (2011) ‘Quotation about human rights’ Quote Garden Available at: http://www. quotegarden. com/h-rights. html [Accessed on 9/11/2011] 11. Reddy,S,B,S (2011) ‘ Libyan crisis to hit domestic inflation’ India Today. in, Available at: http://indiatoday. intoday. in/story/libya-unrest-to-hit-domestic-inflation/1/131802. html [Accessed on 6/11/2011 ] 12. Saif, I, (2011). Syria:Crisis may hurt economies of Turkey,Lebanon,Jordan,Iraq. Los Angeles Times, 13 August.. 13. ‘The price of fear' (2011), Economist, 398, 8723, pp. 29-32. 4. U. S. Department of State (2011) ‘Tunisia economy’ Available at: http://www. state. gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5439. htm [Accessed on 7/11/2011] 15. U. S. Department of State (2011) ‘Yemen Economy’ Available at: http://www. state. gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35836. htm [Accessed on 7/11/2011] 16. WATSON, T (2011), ‘THE PRICE OF REVOLUTION', Canadian Business, 84, 5, pp. 12-14. 17. ‘Yet more cracking down' (2011), Economist, 398, 8725, p. 57. Available at: http://ehis. ebscohost. com/ehost/resultsadvanced? sid=f6bf370c-a90d-4f69-a3a9-eecc26d597ec%40sessionmgr115=3=20=(yet+more+cracking+down)=JmRiPWFwaCZ0eXBlPTEmc2l0ZT1laG9zdC

Stimitizing Schizophrenics essays

Stimitizing Schizophrenics essays Stigmatizing opinions about mental illness are frequent in the community. People with schizophrenia are stigmatized by opinions that they will be dangerous, unpredictable and hard to talk to. The community gains most of their stigmatizing beliefs about mental illnesses from the media (i.e. movies, news, and newspapers). Few really know what its like to be in the footsteps of a person suffering from schizophrenia. Jane Doe* is a 34 year-old woman who has lived in Chino, California since she was born. For the first 15 years of her life, Jane was as normal as the girl next door. But Janes 16th birthday brought the news that would change her life, forever. Jane was diagnosed with schizophrenia. My parents just wouldnt accept it. They sent me to 100 doctors it seemed. All said the same thing. I had schizophrenia. I didnt fully understand what it was that I had until about a month after I had been diagnosed. Instead of denying the problem like her parents were doing, Jane began to research schizophrenia. She figured that it was a part of her that she needed to get to know, because it was going to be there for the rest of her life, or until a cure was found. Jane found out that symptoms of schizophrenia may appear suddenly, or they may progress gradually. Symptoms are divided into two groups, positive and negative symptoms. Negative symptoms usually occur first and are as follows: Problems with speech or disorganized speech, such as abruptly responding to questions or not being able to respond with enough information (for example, always giving a one-word reply to questions) Inability to experience pleasure, which is very common in schizophrenia. The person can no longer enjoy activities that once brought them pleasure, such as playing golf or visiting with friends. This symptom can be very depressing. Lack of emotion, which can lead to few friends or social contacts. The...

Biography of Calamity Jane, Wild West Figure

Biography of Calamity Jane, Wild West Figure Calamity Jane (born Martha Jane Cannary;  1852–August 1, 1903) was a controversial figure in the Wild West whose adventures and exploits are shrouded in mystery, legend, and self-promotion. She is known to have dressed and worked as a man, to have been a hard drinker, and to been skilled with guns and horses. The details of her life are mostly unproven, given the amount of fabrication and hearsay that inform her story. Fast Facts: Calamity Jane Known For:  Hard living and drinking; legendary skill with horses and gunsAlso Known As:  Martha Jane Cannary BurkeBorn:  1852 in Princeton, MissouriParents: Charlotte and Robert Cannary or CanaryDied:  August 1, 1903 in Terry, South DakotaPublished Works:  Life and Adventures of Calamity Jane by HerselfSpouse(s): Undocumented spouses, Clinton Burke, Wild Bill Hickok; documented spouse, William P. SteersChildren: Possibly two daughtersNotable Quote: By the time we reached Virginia City I was considered a remarkable good shot and a fearless rider for a girl of my age. Early Life Calamity Jane was born  Martha Jane Cannary  around 1852 in Princeton, Missouri- although she sometimes claimed Illinois or Wyoming as her birthplace. She was the oldest of five siblings. Her father Robert Cannary (or Canary) was a farmer who took the family to Montana during an 1865 Gold Rush. Jane relayed the story of their journey in her later biography with considerable relish, describing how she hunted with the men and learned to drive the wagons herself. Her mother Charlotte died the year after their move and the family then moved to Salt Lake City. Her father died the following year. Wyoming After the death of her parents, young Jane moved to Wyoming and began her independent adventures, moving around mining towns and railroad camps and the occasional military fort. Far from the ideal of the delicate Victorian woman, Jane often wore mens clothes. She eked out a living doing menial jobs, some of which were jobs usually reserved for men. She is known to have worked on the railroad and as a mule skinner. She worked as a laundress and waitress and may have also worked occasionally as a sex worker. Some legends say that she disguised herself as a man to accompany soldiers as a scout on expeditions, including the 1875 expedition of General George Crook against the Lakota. She developed a reputation for hanging out with the miners, railroad workers, and soldiers- enjoying heavy drinking with them. She was arrested, with some frequency, for  drunkenness and disturbing the peace. Deadwood Dakota Jane spent many years of her life in the boomtown of Deadwood, Dakota, including during the Black Hills gold rush of 1876. She claims to have known James Hickok, known as Wild Bill Hickok, and she is thought to have traveled with him for several years.  After his August  1876 murder, she further claimed that they had been married and that he was the father of her child. (If said child had actually existed, he or she was said to have been born September 25, 1873, and given up for adoption at a South Dakota Catholic school.)  Historians do not accept that either the marriage or the child existed. A diary supposedly by Jane that documented the marriage and child has been demonstrated to be fraudulent. In 1877 and 1878, Edward L. Wheeler featured Calamity Jane in his popular Western dime novels, adding to her reputation. She became something of a local legend at this time because of her many eccentricities. Calamity Jane gained admiration when she nursed victims of a smallpox epidemic in 1878, also dressed as a man. Possible Marriage In her autobiography,  Calamity Jane said that she had married Clinton Burke in 1885 and that  they  lived together for at least six years. Again, the marriage is not documented and historians doubt its existence.  She used the name Burke in later years. A woman later claimed to have been a daughter of that marriage but may have been Janes by some other man or Burkes by another woman. When and why Clinton Burke left  Janes life is not known. Later Years and Fame In her later years, Calamity Jane appeared in Wild West shows, including the Buffalo Bill Wild West Show, around the country, featuring her riding and shooting skills. Some historians dispute whether she was indeed in this show. In 1887, Mrs. William Loring wrote a novel named  Calamity Jane. The stories in this and other fiction about Jane were often conflated with her actual life experiences, magnifying her legend. Jane  published her autobiography in 1896,  Life and Adventures of Calamity Jane by Herself,  to cash in on her own fame, and much of it is quite clearly fictional or exaggerated.  In 1899, she lived in Deadwood again, supposedly raising money for her daughters education.  She appeared at the Buffalo, New York, Pan-American Exposition in 1901, in exhibitions and shows. Death Janes chronic drunkenness and fighting caused her to be fired in 1901 from the Exposition and she retired to Deadwood. She died in a hotel in nearby Terry  in 1903.  Different sources give different causes of death:  pneumonia, inflammation of the bowels, or alcoholism. Calamity Jane was buried next to Wild Bill Hickok in Deadwoods Mount Mariah Cemetery.  Because of her notoriety, her funeral was large. Legacy The legend of Calamity Jane, markswoman, horsewoman, drinker, and performer, continues in movies, books, and television Westerns. How did Jane get the moniker Calamity Jane? Many answers have been offered by historians and storytellers. Calamity, some say, is what Jane would threaten to any man who bothered her. She also claimed the name was given to her because she was good to have around in a calamity, such as the smallpox epidemic of 1878. Maybe the name was a description of a very hard and tough life.  Like much in her life, its simply not certain. Sources Calamity Jane. Life and Adventures of Calamity Jane by Herself. Ye Galleon Press, 1979.â€Å"Calamity Jane: Exposed.†Ã‚  True West Magazine, 21 Aug. 2015.â€Å"Encyclopedia of the Great Plains.†Ã‚  Encyclopedia of the Great Plains | CALAMITY JANE (1856-1903).

Comparison of three learning theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparison of three learning theories - Essay Example All these theories will be compared and contrasted as well so as to understand the similarities and differences. Social Cognitive Theory Social cognitive theory explains the acquisition of behavioral patterns by human beings. It is based on the idea that human beings learn by observing the behavior of other people around them. According to the social cognitive theory there are three factors that have an impact on behavior namely environment, person, and behavior. A person acquires knowledge when environment combines with personal characteristics and experience. A learner also evaluates new experiences through the past and prior experience help the learner understand the present experience. In short, it is through the interplay of environment, behavior and personality that an individual acquires knowledge. The social cognitive theory takes into account the personal factors of the learner therefore it is also used in personality development. All the three factors can be manipulated to bring a desired change in the behavior of a person. Social cognitive theory also emphasize on the emotional element of learning. A learner is more likely to learn from a source with which the learner feels emotionally attached (Bandura, 1994). Learning therefore is also dependent on perceived similarities between the model and the learner. The theory focuses on the environmental, personal, and behavioral factors in order to explain how human beings learn. Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory Vygotsky is a Russian psychologist who gave his theory of social development. He emphasizes the role of social interaction in the overall learning process of a person. He explained human development through social interaction and claimed that social learning through interaction is followed by development. The first stage of learning according to Vygotsky is social learning. The social development theory also include ‘the more knowledgeable other’ (MKO). This is a thing or a p erson that serves as a teacher for the learner as this MKO has skills superior to the learner. The theory also talks about ‘the zone of proximal development’ (ZPD) which is the difference between what the learner can do without help and what the learner can do with MKO. It is in this ZPD that a learner can acquire new knowledge. The main difference between social development theory and social cognition theory is that former argues that social interaction lead to cognitive development and the latter argues that learning takes place with the combination of environmental, personal and cognitive factors. Application of social development theory can be in schools where teachers should focus on open dialogue and should engage in discourse (Hausfather, 1996). It will be helpful because it is through social interaction that cognitive development can be achieved. Game Based Learning Game based learning theory focuses on learning through different activities and games. Learners g ain knowledge by taking part in activities designed to challenge themselves thereby keeping their interest and involvement high. It is a relatively new theory that uses games and interesting techniques to help students learn difficult concept. The idea behind game based learning is to attract the attention of the learners and develop interest in order to facilitate learning.

Conclusion and Recommendation for report evaluate 3 e-business website Assignment

Conclusion and Recommendation for report evaluate 3 e-business website - Assignment Example Though, they might not be willing to make a purchase but they may have friends that find the products being sold there interesting and hence, act as potential customers. So, a person that clicks â€Å"Recommend to Friends† button indirectly becomes a sales person for the website. Unfortunately, Baskinrobins.com, maggiemoose.com and benjerry.com did not think of using any such option. This websites however, can greatly benefit from this entity not just in terms of generating online traffic, but also in increasing sales and profitability. There are some other factors on which these websites need to focus upon, following are few of them. Segmentation The segmentation of baskinrobbins.com is well managed, giving ease to client’s understandability. It can be seen that the website categorizes the demand of cakes in three categories based on special day, membership and geography. In comparison to baskinrobbin.com, the two sites, maggiemoos.com and banjerry.com lack such effect ive segmentation. There is a dire need of segmentation in these two websites based on the customer's purchase behavior across several product categories. It has been seen that benefits sought can also make use of more analytical information rather than plain descriptive demographic profiling (Bhatnagar & Ghose, 2002). Customers’ reviews On the broad canvas of e-commerce, where sellers and buyer do not really interact in tangible manner, there always comes a problem of decision making. A person may not be sure of its reliability and may hesitate in placing the order. However, this dilemma will automatically be resolved if the person is recommended of the website by some other customer who has used the product before. In e-commerce websites, customers review acts as word of mouth. If a website lacks customers review, one can lose several doubtful but potential customers. Same is the case with baskinrobbin.com, maggiemoos.com and benjerry.com. A scrap book or comment on several new or famous cakes should be provided to give an insight of products and services to eliminate doubts and boost up customers confidence. Online security When it comes to online shopping, the only threat that hinders decision of customer is financial security. In case of baskinrobbin.com, it has not only provided personal information security, but also financial security. When a customer enters his/her credit card number or bank account it is encrypted by sophisticated software program (secured socket layer technology or SSL), so any potential hacker cannot access it. On the other hand, Maggiemoos.com and benjerry.com lack security measurements. Recent security glitch has been disclosed about benjerry.com where an invoice of a lady was shown by simple Google search. Though, it only showed personal information and address, but fraudster could use this data as a starting point of their fraud scheme. Security should be provided to the fullest to retain potential customers (Woffenden, 2 010). Content It is commonly said that content is king. It is what search marketers have been harping for years, because a site rich in content is definitely more useful than a site with poor/copied content. Creating rich content provides value to readers, who may be willing to pass this nugget of knowledge to others through links on their blogs, forwarded e-mails or simply word of mouth. In maggiemoos.com, benjerry.com and